Topic: Human Neural system

I. Introduction

• The human neur­al sys­tem is respon­si­ble for com­mu­ni­ca­tion and con­trol with­in the body.
• It is broad­ly divid­ed into two main parts:
  • Cen­tral Neur­al Sys­tem (CNS)
  • Periph­er­al Neur­al Sys­tem (PNS)

II. Central Neural System (CNS)

• Com­po­nents:
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
• Func­tion:
  • Infor­ma­tion pro­cess­ing
  • Con­trol cen­ter

III. Peripheral Neural System (PNS)

• Com­po­nents:
  • All nerves asso­ci­at­ed with the CNS (brain and spinal cord)
• Types of Nerve Fibers:
  • Affer­ent Fibers (Sen­so­ry):
    • Trans­mit impuls­es from tissues/organs to the CNS.
  • Effer­ent Fibers (Motor):
    • Trans­mit reg­u­la­to­ry impuls­es from the CNS to periph­er­al tissues/organs.
• Divi­sions of the PNS:
  • Somat­ic Neur­al Sys­tem:
    • Relays impuls­es from the CNS to skele­tal mus­cles.
    • Vol­un­tary con­trol.
  • Auto­nom­ic Neur­al Sys­tem:
    • Trans­mits impuls­es from the CNS to invol­un­tary organs and smooth mus­cles.
    • Invol­un­tary con­trol.
• Sub­di­vi­sions of the Auto­nom­ic Ner­vous Sys­tem:
  • Sym­pa­thet­ic Neur­al Sys­tem:
    • Often asso­ci­at­ed with “fight-or-flight” respons­es.
  • Parasym­pa­thet­ic Neur­al Sys­tem:
    • Often asso­ci­at­ed with “rest-and-digest” func­tions.

IV. Visceral Nervous System

• Def­i­n­i­tion:
  • A part of the periph­er­al ner­vous sys­tem.
• Com­po­nents:
  • Nerves
  • Fibers
  • Gan­glia
  • Plexus­es
• Func­tion:
  • Com­mu­ni­ca­tion between the CNS and the vis­cera (inter­nal organs).
  • Trans­mits impuls­es:
    • From the CNS to the vis­cera (motor/efferent).
    • From the vis­cera to the CNS (sensory/afferent).

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