General Characteristics 🔹 Reproduction✅ Asexual Reproduction 🔹 Structure 🔹 Mode of Nutrition 🔹 Examples
General Characteristics 🔹 Structure 🔹 Reproduction✅ Asexual Reproduction ✅ Sexual Reproduction 🔹 Examples
General Characteristics Commonly known as green algae. 🌿 Plant body can be unicellular, colonial, or filamentous. Green color due to dominance of chlorophyll a & b. Chloroplasts are well-defined and may have different shapes:✅ Discoid✅ Plate-like✅ Reticulate✅ Cup-shaped✅ Spiral or ribbon-shaped Storage & Cell Wall Composition Storage bodies called...
General Characteristics Commonly known as brown algae. Mostly marine organisms 🌊. Great variation in size & form: Simple branched, filamentous forms (Ectocarpus). Profusely branched giant kelps (can grow up to 100 meters in height!). Pigments & Storage Contain chlorophyll a, c, carotenoids, and xanthophylls. Brown color is due to...
General Characteristics Commonly known as red algae 🔴 due to the dominance of red pigment (R-phycoerythrin). Mostly marine, with higher concentrations in warmer regions. Can grow in well-lit shallow waters as well as deep ocean waters where light is limited. Structure & Storage Most red algae are multicellular with...
General Characteristics Structure of Bryophytes Reproduction in Bryophytes✅ Sexual Reproduction ✅ Sporophyte Stage Ecological & Economic Importance Classification of Bryophytes1️⃣ Liverworts2️⃣ Mosses
Habitat Found in moist, shady places such as:✅ Banks of streams✅ Marshy ground✅ Damp soil✅ Bark of trees✅ Deep woodsStructure Plant body is thalloid (flat, ribbon-like structure), e.g., Marchantia. Thallus is dorsiventral (having a distinct upper and lower surface) and closely attached to the substrate. Leafy liverworts have tiny...
Life Cycle & Structure 🔹 Modes of Reproduction✅ Vegetative Reproduction ✅ Sexual Reproduction 🔹 Examples of Mosses1️⃣ Funaria2️⃣ Polytrichum3️⃣ Sphagnum
General Characteristics Pteridophytes include horsetails & ferns 🌿. Used for medicinal purposes, soil-binding, and as ornamental plants. First terrestrial plants to develop vascular tissues (xylem & phloem) 🌱. Mostly found in cool, damp, shady places, though some grow in sandy soils. Life Cycle & Structure Main plant body is...
General Characteristics Gymnosperms (gymnos = naked, sperma = seed) have exposed ovules and seeds (not enclosed by fruit). Include medium to tall trees & shrubs. The giant redwood tree (Sequoia) is one of the tallest tree species. Root System Generally tap roots. Some have fungal mycorrhizal associations (e.g., Pinus)....