General Characteristics 🔹 Growth & Movement 🔹 Reproduction
General Characteristics 🔹 Cell Structure 🔹 Major Groups in Kingdom Plantae1️⃣ Algae2️⃣ Bryophytes3️⃣ Pteridophytes4️⃣ Gymnosperms5️⃣ Angiosperms 🔹 Life Cycle & Alternation of Generations
General Characteristics 🔹 Reproduction✅ Asexual Reproduction 🔹 Structure 🔹 Mode of Nutrition 🔹 Examples
General Characteristics 🔹 Structure 🔹 Reproduction✅ Asexual Reproduction ✅ Sexual Reproduction 🔹 Examples
Habitat Found in moist, shady places such as:✅ Banks of streams✅ Marshy ground✅ Damp soil✅ Bark of trees✅ Deep woodsStructure Plant body is thalloid (flat, ribbon-like structure), e.g., Marchantia. Thallus is dorsiventral (having a distinct upper and lower surface) and closely attached to the substrate. Leafy liverworts have tiny...
Life Cycle & Structure 🔹 Modes of Reproduction✅ Vegetative Reproduction ✅ Sexual Reproduction 🔹 Examples of Mosses1️⃣ Funaria2️⃣ Polytrichum3️⃣ Sphagnum
General Characteristics Pteridophytes include horsetails & ferns 🌿. Used for medicinal purposes, soil-binding, and as ornamental plants. First terrestrial plants to develop vascular tissues (xylem & phloem) 🌱. Mostly found in cool, damp, shady places, though some grow in sandy soils. Life Cycle & Structure Main plant body is...
General Characteristics Gymnosperms (gymnos = naked, sperma = seed) have exposed ovules and seeds (not enclosed by fruit). Include medium to tall trees & shrubs. The giant redwood tree (Sequoia) is one of the tallest tree species. Root System Generally tap roots. Some have fungal mycorrhizal associations (e.g., Pinus)....
General Characteristics Angiosperms (flowering plants) have ovules enclosed within fruits (unlike gymnosperms, where ovules are naked). Pollen grains & ovules develop inside specialized reproductive structures called flowers. Seeds are enclosed within fruits. Largest group of plants, adapted to a wide range of habitats. Diversity in Angiosperms Range in size...
Introduction Changes in the Understanding of Plantae Major Groups Under Plantae1️⃣ Algae2️⃣ Bryophytes3️⃣ Pteridophytes4️⃣ Gymnosperms5️⃣ Angiosperms 🔹 Evolution of Plant Classification Systems✅ Artificial System – Based on morphological characters like habit, leaf shape, color, etc. (Linnaeus’ system). ✅ Natural Classification System – Based on natural affinities and internal features (ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology, phytochemistry). ✅ Phylogenetic Classification System – Based on evolutionary relationships. 🔹 Modern Approaches to Taxonomy✅ Numerical...