Definition of a Population A population consists of a group of individuals of the same species: Living in a well-defined geographical area. Sharing or competing for similar resources. Potentially interbreeding. A population may also include individuals produced through asexual reproduction for ecological studies. Examples of populations: Cormorants in a...
Population Size and Dynamics Population size for any species is not constant; it changes over time due to: Food availability. Predation pressure. Adverse weather conditions. These fluctuations in population density indicate whether a population is flourishing or declining. Factors Affecting Population Density Population density in a given habitat during...
1. Introduction to Biological Complexity Our living world is both diverse and complex, consisting of multiple levels of biological organization: Macromolecules Cells Tissues Organs Individual organisms Populations Communities Ecosystems Biomes 2. Types of Scientific Questions When studying biological processes, we can ask two main types of questions: How-Type Questions:...
Endosperm – Most monocot seeds are endospermic (e.g., maize), meaning they store food in the endosperm. However, some (e.g., orchids) are non-endospermic.Seed Coat & Fruit Wall – In cereals like maize, the seed coat is thin and fused with the fruit wall.Aleurone Layer – A protein-rich layer that separates the endosperm from the embryo.Embryo – Small and located in a groove at one end of the endosperm, consisting of:
Floral Diagram & Floral Formula
Definition Structure of a Seed A typical seed consists of two main parts: Components of the Embryo The embryo is the most vital part of the seed and is composed of: Seeds play a crucial role in plant reproduction, dispersal, and germination, ensuring the continuation of plant life.
Seed Coat – The outer protective covering of the seed, consisting of: Hilum – A scar on the seed coat where the seed was attached to the fruit.Micropyle – A small pore located above the hilum, allowing water absorption during germination.Embryo – The developing plant inside the seed, consisting of: Types of Dicot Seeds:
Types of Carpels Post-Fertilization Changes Placentation (Arrangement of Ovules in the Ovary)