Chem­istry

Mat­ter And State Of Mat­ter

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Nature of Mat­ter

• Def­i­n­i­tion: Any­thing that has mass and occu­pies space.
• Exam­ples: Books, pens, water, air, liv­ing beings.
• States of Mat­ter: Mat­ter exists in three pri­ma­ry states:
  • Sol­id:
    • Par­ti­cles are tight­ly packed and ordered.
    • Def­i­nite shape and vol­ume.
  • Liq­uid:
    • Par­ti­cles are close togeth­er but can move around.
    • Def­i­nite vol­ume but takes the shape of its con­tain­er.
  • Gas:
    • Par­ti­cles are far apart and move freely.
    • No def­i­nite shape or vol­ume; fills its con­tain­er.

Inter­con­ver­sion of States:

• Chang­ing tem­per­a­ture and pres­sure can change the state of mat­ter.
  • Heat­ing: Sol­id → Liq­uid → Gas
  • Cool­ing: Gas → Liq­uid → Sol­id

Key Con­cepts:

The arrange­ment and move­ment of par­ti­cles deter­mine the state of mat­ter.

Solids have the least free­dom of par­ti­cle move­ment,

while gas­es have the most.Matter can tran­si­tion between states through heat­ing or cool­ing.