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Nature of Matter
- Definition: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
- Examples: Books, pens, water, air, living beings.
- States of Matter: Matter exists in three primary states:
- Solid:
- Particles are tightly packed and ordered.
- Definite shape and volume.
- Liquid:
- Particles are close together but can move around.
- Definite volume but takes the shape of its container.
- Gas:
- Particles are far apart and move freely.
- No definite shape or volume; fills its container.
- Solid:
Interconversion of States:
- Changing temperature and pressure can change the state of matter.
- Heating: Solid → Liquid → Gas
- Cooling: Gas → Liquid → Solid
Key Concepts:
The arrangement and movement of particles determine the state of matter.
Solids have the least freedom of particle movement,
while gases have the most.Matter can transition between states through heating or cooling.
